Golden age farm8/28/2023 ![]() Grain prices dropped from 1848 to 1850 but went up again from 1853, with the Crimean War (1853-1856) and the American Civil War (1861-1865) preventing the export of cereals from Russia and the United States, thereby shielding Britain from the effects of free trade. That period of prosperity was caused by rising prices from the discovery of gold in Australia and California, which encouraged industrial demand. However, that did not occur for about 25 years after repeal the years 1853 to 1862 were famously described by Lord Ernle as the "golden age of English agriculture". There was a widespread belief that free trade would lower prices immediately. In 1846 Parliament repealed the Corn Laws, which had imposed a tariff on imported grain, and thereby de facto instituted free trade. Other countries in Western Europe such as the Netherlands experienced the same agricultural crisis (1878–1895) as a result of the market being flooded by cheap grain from the United States and Canada. British agriculture did not recover from this depression until after the Second World War. Contemporaneous with the global Long Depression, Britain's agricultural depression was caused by the dramatic fall in grain prices that followed the opening up of the American prairies to cultivation in the 1870s and the advent of cheap transportation with the rise of steamships. ![]() The Great Depression of British Agriculture occurred during the late nineteenth century and is usually dated from 1873 to 1896. ![]()
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